Subject 2
Development path comparison
New France and the 13 American Colonies
from 1600 to 1750
New France and the 13 colonies followed very different developmental paths, resulting in very different growth rates. Cod fishing led to contact with the lands of New France, while pelts dominated trade during the French occupation and led to economic growth. In contrast, the staple food trade of the thirteen colonies was quite diversified: tobacco, rice, indigo, and wood in the form of ships were some of the main trade activities. The following sections attempt to explain the difference in growth rates between the two geographic regions between 1600 and 1750.
John Cabot was the first Englishman to see fish in abundance off the coast of Newfoundland. He returned with this discovery and returned the following year with many fishermen to exploit this natural resource. As a result, people came to what soon became known as "New France" to fish and bring it back to their homeland or sell it in foreign markets, not to explore or colonize the "New World". Contact with the soil is accidental, as dry salting is used to preserve the fish. In this method, the fish is gutted, lightly salted and dried in the sun. This method is superior to the green curing method as it requires less salt that is difficult to obtain and also results in better food quality for the fish. The fish is also preserved in this way for longer, allowing fishermen to export the fish to distant markets. Thus contact with land became inevitable as more and more fishermen turned to dry salting. Some have hypothesized that the first settlers were in fact fishermen who stayed to occupy the best fishing grounds. This assumption seems correct, as one looks in the history books and discovers that the first settlers were servants of ship stewards who traveled to New France on fishing boats and were ordered to stay by their employers. In the end, some ferry managers and other fishermen also chose to stay rather than return for similar reasons. Although the people left behind by fishing cannot be called "settlement", because the number is small and there is no natural increase, since there are almost no women among them. Cod fishing as an activity did not lead to the establishment of settlements, mass immigration or prosperous colonies. One of the main reasons was the unwillingness of people to stay in the "New World" to earn a living, as the climate and nature of the land were not conducive to agriculture. Long winters, short growing seasons and relatively sandy soils prevent many from establishing themselves without some form of subsidy. Entrepreneurs in Western countries with strong political power also resist settlement for fear that permanent settlement would claim the best fisheries and reap the benefits of the cod fishery. This shows that New France did not have many immigrants from the beginning trying to develop a thriving economy.
begin 17AndAround the turn of the century, the economic situation in the new colonies seemed to change. "The key to this development is what is happening in the European fur trade. The fur trade depends on European fashion"; it was considered a luxury item and was used to make the extremely popular felt hat worn by all gentlemen. The skin meets almost all the requirements of a perfect staple food; requires few people and is of great value (high price for a small amount of fur), which means low transportation costs, high demand and high quality (the nature and climate of New France a large number of fur animals), it does not require complex machinery or skilled labor, which means that it does not require a large start-up capital, and finally, it does not compete directly with goods in the country of origin. Fur could also be obtained relatively easily through trade with the Indians, without heavy lifting or heavy lifting, which would be necessary if farming was to be practiced. In short, it is currently a well-paid, fast-returning activity that requires relatively little effort and a small initial investment. Settlers were therefore drawn to New France by the potential profits to be made from sourcing furs. They have no plans to establish and develop a colony.
The fur trade was profitable but required formal control and organization by an authority to control fur prices because "the Indians made no distinction between French and French". If a Frenchman cheated them, all the fur traders in that country would suffer.As a result, the French government granted certain companies monopoly rights to trade fur in specific regions, and made the company responsible for monitoring the activities of fur traders and enforcing a code of ethics. Another reason for giving a particular company a monopoly on the fur trade was that it was expected to be more than a trading company; in fact, it carried out some of the government's activities, such as "supporting the navy or arming merchant ships to protect pioneer territories and shipping between countries of origin".In addition, the company was given the burden of bringing about an agreement. For all these purposes, the company decided it needed all the profits from the fur trade to fund these expensive activities. The French government hoped that as a result of this monopoly a thriving colony would emerge, which would provide an outlet for the surplus French population, provide an outlet for French products and enhance the prestige of the mother country. In short, the government thought that by establishing a colony in New France it would reap all the benefits that England had obtained from its thirteen colonies. The responsibility for realizing this vision lies with the company. Economically, the two goals of trade and colonization were at odds. The fur trade was highly profitable and did not require many Europeans: too many people involved in the fur trade would lead to overfishing and lower per capita profits. Colonization, on the other hand, meant a loss of financial resources. Bringing settlers to New France and helping them settle in the area required a great deal of money; deforestation was extremely expensive and a slow process. In addition, due to the relatively sandy climate and soil, food must be imported in large quantities. Settlers also needed subsidies to survive the harsh conditions. The company is not inclined to bring in settlers and then provide them with additional facilities, as this would significantly reduce their profits. Colonization therefore suffered as the company neglected its responsibility to establish settlements for the more lucrative fur trade. The French were also allied with the Algonquian and Huron tribes, who provided them with furs in exchange for European goods. This alliance resulted in French enemies of the Iroquois tribe, who were hostile to the Huron and Algonquian tribes. "The Iroquois regularly raided French settlements, pillaging farms and destroying any existing agriculture."News of these events further discouraged people from emigrating to New France to start a new life.
Another French attempt to encourage colonization was the introduction of estates. Large tracts of land along the St. Lawrence were given to elite members of society. These men, known as gentlemen, were expected to bring settlers to New France in exchange for land grants. Residents would then engage in agricultural activities, develop the farming industry, and then pay rent for the privilege. The system eventually failed because it required a lot of initial investment and then had to wait a long time to pay off; it was too expensive to take...
FAQs
What are the three types of professional development for teachers? ›
The top three types of teacher professional development are periodic workshops, in-class observation, and single-session seminars.
How do teachers promote positive learning environments and plan for progression across the curriculum? ›- Build positive relationships with students and parents. ...
- Foster student connections. ...
- Outline classroom rules for positive behavior. ...
- Use positive reinforcement. ...
- Ensure content is culturally relevant. ...
- Keep a positive mindset.
Our students learned that The Big 3 are:
Treating others right. Making smart decisions. Maximizing your potential.
There are three common views of what constitutes teaching: teaching as transmission, teaching as transaction, and teaching as transformation (Miller, 1996). Teaching as Transmission. From this perspective, teaching is the act of transmitting knowledge from Point A (teacher's head) to Point B (students' heads).
What are the 5 models of professional development? ›- 1) Classroom & School Visitations. ...
- 2) Education Conferences. ...
- 3) Reading. ...
- 4) Twitter Chats. ...
- 5) Online/Asynchronous Professional Learning. ...
- Conclusion.
There are four types of learning environments, each with unique elements. Learning environments can be student- or learner-centered; knowledge-centered; assessment-centered; and community-centered.
What are specific practices that great teachers employ in order to promote a positive classroom climate and build positive relationships with students? ›Simple actions such as learning students' names, sharing information about yourself, and asking students about their background or experiences can foster a positive classroom climate. On the very first day, asking students to complete a survey about themselves, and facilitating an icebreaker can set the tone.
How can the educators maximize these strategies in developing successful teaching and learning process? ›- Better Planning and Preparation.
- Buffer the Distractions.
- Create Efficient Procedures.
- Eliminate “Free Time”
- Ensure Quick Transitions.
- Give Clear and Concise Directions.
- Have a Backup Plan.
Education, experience, and exposure, or the Three E's, is more than a slogan. It is a way to support people.
What are the three A's in education? ›These scenes all related to the role of athletics in my growth — in more ways than one. One of the scenes involved meeting a colleague at a conference who suggested that we should pay more attention to “The Three A's” in school/life: Academics, Arts and Athletics.
What are the six major categories of effective teaching? ›
- Content knowledge. This is when teachers have a deep knowledge of the subject that they teach and can communicate content effectively to their students. ...
- Quality of instruction. ...
- Teaching climate. ...
- Classroom management. ...
- Teacher beliefs. ...
- Professional behaviours.
Transformative learning, as a theory, says that the process of "perspective transformation" has three dimensions: psychological (changes in understanding of the self), convictional (revision of belief systems), and behavioral (changes in lifestyle).
What are the three common themes of transformational learning? ›The transformative learning theory has held three common themes from the beginning of its proposal in 1978 by Jack Mezirow, which are centrality of experience, critical reflection, and rational discourse (Taylor, 1998).
What are the three bridges for transfer of learning? ›Detect, Elect, Connect
They describe three “bridges” between past learning and new practice they call detect, elect, and connect.
Students need these specific skills to fully participate in today's global community: Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking and Creativity.
What are the 6 C's of professional development? ›The 6 Cs are Character, Citizenship, Collaboration, Communication, Creativity, and Critical Thinking. Education leaders feel “a small number of academic and personal/interpersonal qualities and capabilities” are key to helping students.
What are the 3 R's of professional role development? ›These are the basic academic skills. There are also three Rs that are important to our leadership abilities — Respect, Responsibility, and Resourcefulness.
What are the five educational models? ›o The 5Es represent five stages of a sequence for teaching and learning: Engage, Explore, Explain, Extend (or Elaborate), and Evaluate.
What are at least 5 professional development activities? ›- Continuing Education.
- Participation in professional organizations.
- Research.
- Improve job performance.
- Increased duties and responsibilities.
- Approaches to professional development:
- Skill Based Training.
- Job Assignments.
- Step One: Request a self-assessment from the staff member.
- Step Two: Develop your assessment of the individual's skill level.
- Step Three: Assess the department and organization's needs.
- Step Four: Explore development opportunities with the staff member.
What are the five levels of learning environment? ›
There are five characteristics of effective learning environments: Active, Collaborative, Constructive, Authentic, and Goal-Directed.
What 1 promotes a positive classroom environment? ›Build Positive Relationships
greeting each of your students by name as they enter the classroom. making time to interact with each student individually. listening to their comments, concerns, and worries while modelling empathy. showing your interest in their stories and experiences.
By using the three Cs of compliments, competition, and celebration, you'll be one step closer to creating an atmosphere your students will treasure.
What can teachers do to make the classroom environment more conducive? ›- Get to know the students by name as quickly as possible.
- Get to know some personal things about each student.
- Conduct a values analysis discussion about some current event or topic.
- Provide positive comments when appropriate.
- Be positive and enthusiastic when teaching.
- Focus on Feedback and Reflection. To improve professional development for teachers, there must be clear focus on the groups attending and what their needs are. ...
- Model Best Practices. ...
- Set Relevant Goals. ...
- Make it Interactive.
- Self-reflection on teaching. Self-reflection is the cornerstone of a healthy, effective teaching practice. ...
- Gathering student feedback. ...
- Collaborating with colleagues. ...
- Assessing student learning. ...
- Hybrid and online course assessment. ...
- A guide to best practice for evaluating teaching.
Student Centred Inquiry
This strategy is a great way to generate curiosity among young learners and engage an inactive class. Through such an approach, children develop skills of researching, co-relating, and reflecting on information through independent exploration and engagement with the content.
The 7E Instructional Strategy
These phases, Elicit, Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate and Extend, according to Gok et al. (2014), allows students to correct their misconceptions through exploration, and facilitate clarification by the teacher, and aided by explanations by the students themselves.
Effective teaching involves aligning the three major components of instruction: learning objectives, assessments, and instructional activities. Taking the time to do this upfront saves time in the end and leads to a better course.
What do the 3 characteristics of effective teaching and learning focuses on? ›...
The following guidance documents may support you in understanding this important aspect of provision:
- Playing and exploring.
- Active learning.
- Creating and thinking critically.
What does AAA mean in teaching? ›
Advanced, Analytic, Automated (AAA) Measurement of Engagement During Learning - PMC.
What are the three C's in a school? ›Johnson and Johnson believe that by focusing on the three C's of cooperation, conflict resolution, and civic values, educators can help make schools safer places for students and teachers. Cooperation calls for cooperative efforts of students, teachers, administrators, and community members to work toward mutual goals.
What are the 6 C's of teaching? ›Researchers and education experts have outlined the Cs about the education in the 21st Century, and they cover: critical thinking, collaboration, communication, creativity, citizenship/ culture, and character education/connectivity. What does each C mean, however?
What are the big 5 in teaching? ›The Big 5 are: Alphabet Knowledge and Early Writing; Background Knowledge; Book Knowledge and Print Concepts; Oral Language and Vocabulary; and Phonological Awareness. You will find all the resources organized by the five key skills that lead to later school success for all children.
What are high five teaching strategies? ›- Activating background knowledge. Research has shown that better comprehension occurs when students are engaged in activities that bridge their old knowledge with the new. ...
- Questioning. ...
- Analyzing text structure. ...
- Visualization. ...
- Summarizing.
- Four Pillars.
- Christian Environment.
- Transformational Education.
- Research and Scholarship.
- Arts and Athletics.
- Critical Reflection. Individuals need to think critically about their experiences, which in turn leads to a perspective transformation. ...
- Rational Disclosure. ...
- Centrality of Experience.
From systematic reviewing, we find that the important elements of transformative learning process are disoriented dilemma or experience, dialogue, critical reflection, holistic of rational and emotional transformation, awareness of context and acting on revision or exploratory premise.
What are the three most Recognised learning styles? ›The 3 Learning Styles: Visual, Auditory, Kinaesthetic.
What are the four transformational behaviors? ›There are four factors to transformational leadership, (also known as the "four I's"): idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration.
What are the two domains of transformational learning? ›
The two major elements of transformative learning are critical reflection or critical self-reflection on assumptions and, second, critical discourse where the learner confirms a best judgment by discussing assumptions and realizations with other adults.
What are the major methods used in teaching for transfer? ›- Start Students with Transfer-Level Opportunities. Provide students a problem or set of problems to analyze and inspect on day one of a new unit of study. ...
- Create Change in Classroom Experiences for Students. ...
- Inspect Your Instruction.
Three categories of transfer learning. Depending on the task and the amount of labeled/unlabeled data available for source and target domains, transfer learning methods fall into one of three categories: inductive, transductive, and unsupervised.
What are the three 3 principles guiding the teacher's use of the developmental milestone? ›There are three principles of growth and development: the cephalocaudal principle, the proximodistal principle, and the orthogenetic principle.
What are the 3 training or learning and development approaches? ›A holistic approach to learning and development in today's workforce ties together these three pillars — coaching, experiential learning, and career management. Effective and regular coaching provides one-on-one continuous feedback that helps workers identify where they want to go in their career.
What are the three 3 characteristics of effective teachers? ›Some qualities of a good teacher include skills in communication, listening, collaboration, adaptability, empathy and patience. Other characteristics of effective teaching include an engaging classroom presence, value in real-world learning, exchange of best practices and a lifelong love of learning.
What is the 3 2 1 strategy for professional development? ›A 3-2-1 prompt helps students structure their responses to a text, film, or lesson by asking them to describe three takeaways, two questions, and one thing they enjoyed. It provides an easy way for teachers to check for understanding and to gauge students' interest in a topic.
What are the 3 primary facets of development? ›Human development encompasses the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur throughout a lifetime. Human development refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans throughout the lifespan.
What are the three core concepts in early development? ›The three concepts are that early experiences build brain architecture, “serve and return” interaction shapes brain circuitry, and that toxic stress derails healthy development.
What are the three key developmental domains? ›They view development as a lifelong process that can be studied scientifically across three developmental domains—physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development.
What are the names of the 3 basic levels of education and training? ›
Early childhood education is followed by primary school (called elementary school in the United States), middle school, secondary school (called high school in the United States), and then postsecondary (tertiary) education.
What are three level approaches? ›The best way to achieve an emotional design in eLearning is by paying attention to the three cognitive levels, first defined by Donald Norman — visceral, behavioral, and reflective.
What are the three levels of training? ›...
A TNA considers the skills, knowledge, emotional intelligence and behaviours that the people who work for an organisation need, and how to develop them effectively.
- Organisational Level. ...
- Team Level. ...
- Individual Level.
- Ability to develop trusting, productive relationships. The most frequent response is that a great teacher develops relationships with students. ...
- Patient, caring, kind. ...
- Knowledge of learners. ...
- Dedication to teaching. ...
- Subject matter knowledge.
The best teachers are proficient in the technical competencies of teaching: instructional delivery, formative assessment, and classroom management.
What are the three core teachers characteristics? ›...
Carl Rogers (1994) described three teacher traits that are necessary for learning:
- Respect. ...
- Empathetic understanding. ...
- Genuineness or congruence.